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The FTO gene is primarily linked to increased obesity risk due to its significant influence on body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related traits. Research has identified various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FTO gene that correlate with higher risks of obesity and increased fat mass. The FTO gene is expressed in brain regions that control appetite and energy balance, which further implicates it in obesity risk by affecting feelings of hunger and satiety. Studies show that individuals carrying certain risk variants of the FTO gene are more likely to have increased caloric intake and a higher preference for energy-dense foods, contributing to weight gain and obesity.

In contrast, while other genes like POMC, FABP2, and ADRB3 have associations with obesity, their impact is not as pronounced as that of FTO. They may influence metabolism or other aspects related to weight management, but the FTO gene has consistently been highlighted in genetic studies as having the strongest correlation with obesity risk across diverse populations.